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Morphological variation in head shape of pipefishes and seahorses in relation to snout length and developmental growth

Identifieur interne : 004665 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004664; suivant : 004666

Morphological variation in head shape of pipefishes and seahorses in relation to snout length and developmental growth

Auteurs : Heleen Leysen [Belgique] ; Gert Roos [Belgique] ; Dominique Adriaens [Belgique]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:6A5AEB9E6BC3CD1A1535BD4621996E7C8F5364E1

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

The feeding apparatus of Syngnathidae, with its elongate tubular snout and tiny, toothless jaws, is highly specialized for performing fast and powerful pivot feeding. In addition, the prolonged syngnathid parental care probably enables the juveniles to be provided with a feeding apparatus that resembles the one in adults, both in morphology and function. In this study, a landmark‐based geometric morphometric analysis was carried out on the head of syngnathid representatives in order to (1) examine to what degree pipefish shape variation is different from that of seahorses; (2) determine whether the high level of specialization reduces the amount of intraspecific morphological variation found within the family; and (3) elucidate whether or not important shape changes occur in the seahorse head during postrelease ontogeny. We found that (1) there is a significant shape difference between head shape of pipefish and seahorse: the main differences concern snout length and height, position and orientation of the pectoral fin base, and height of the head and opercular bone. We hypothesize that this might be related to different prey capture kinematics (long snout with little head rotation versus short snout with large head rotation) and to different body postures (in line with the head versus vertical with a tilted head) in pipefishes and seahorses; (2) both pipefishes and seahorses showed an inverse relation between relative snout length and intraspecific variation and although pipefishes show a large diversity in relative snout elongation, they are more constrained in terms of head shape; and (3) the head of juvenile Hippocampus reidi specimens still undergoes gradual shape changes after being expelled from the brood pouch. Ontogenetic changes include lowering of the snout and head but also differences in orientation of the preopercular bone and lowering of the snout tip. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10982


Affiliations:


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<term>Black dots</term>
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<term>Central africa</term>
<term>Centroid size</term>
<term>Comparative study</term>
<term>Cranial rotation performance</term>
<term>Dawson</term>
<term>Deformation grids</term>
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<term>Leysen</term>
<term>Long axis</term>
<term>Long snout</term>
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<term>Lussanet</term>
<term>Main differences</term>
<term>Mesethmoidal curvature</term>
<term>Microphis brachyurus aculeatus</term>
<term>Microphis caudocarinatus</term>
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<term>Reidi specimens</term>
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<term>Research group</term>
<term>Rohlf</term>
<term>Roos</term>
<term>Rostrocaudal movement</term>
<term>Royal museum</term>
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<term>Scatter plot</term>
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<term>Seahorse morphotype</term>
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<term>Seahorses show</term>
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<term>Soft imaging system</term>
<term>Species complexes</term>
<term>Species consensus</term>
<term>Species variance</term>
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<term>Stony brook university</term>
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<term>Suction</term>
<term>Suction performance</term>
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<term>Centroid size</term>
<term>Comparative study</term>
<term>Cranial rotation performance</term>
<term>Dawson</term>
<term>Deformation grids</term>
<term>Degree shape variation</term>
<term>Dentary bone</term>
<term>Different species</term>
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<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal point</term>
<term>Dorsal shift</term>
<term>Dorsocaudal shift</term>
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<term>Greater distance</term>
<term>Head dimension</term>
<term>Head height</term>
<term>Head length</term>
<term>Head rotation</term>
<term>Head shape</term>
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<term>High level</term>
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<term>Hippocampus reidi</term>
<term>Idiotropiscis species</term>
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<term>Lake tanganyika</term>
<term>Lesser degree</term>
<term>Leysen</term>
<term>Long axis</term>
<term>Long snout</term>
<term>Longsnouted species</term>
<term>Lussanet</term>
<term>Main differences</term>
<term>Mesethmoidal curvature</term>
<term>Microphis brachyurus aculeatus</term>
<term>Microphis caudocarinatus</term>
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<term>Morphology</term>
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<term>Preopercular bone</term>
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<term>Prey items</term>
<term>Project seahorse</term>
<term>Regression analysis</term>
<term>Reidi</term>
<term>Reidi specimens</term>
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<term>Relative snout length</term>
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<term>Separate species</term>
<term>Shape analysis</term>
<term>Shape changes</term>
<term>Shape variables</term>
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<term>Shortsnouted species</term>
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<term>Snout dimensions</term>
<term>Snout elongation</term>
<term>Snout height</term>
<term>Snout length</term>
<term>Snout lengths</term>
<term>Soft imaging system</term>
<term>Species complexes</term>
<term>Species consensus</term>
<term>Species variance</term>
<term>Spline</term>
<term>Stony brook university</term>
<term>Subfamily</term>
<term>Suction</term>
<term>Suction performance</term>
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<term>Syngnathid morphospace</term>
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<term>Ventral displacement</term>
<term>Ventral point</term>
<term>Ventral shift</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The feeding apparatus of Syngnathidae, with its elongate tubular snout and tiny, toothless jaws, is highly specialized for performing fast and powerful pivot feeding. In addition, the prolonged syngnathid parental care probably enables the juveniles to be provided with a feeding apparatus that resembles the one in adults, both in morphology and function. In this study, a landmark‐based geometric morphometric analysis was carried out on the head of syngnathid representatives in order to (1) examine to what degree pipefish shape variation is different from that of seahorses; (2) determine whether the high level of specialization reduces the amount of intraspecific morphological variation found within the family; and (3) elucidate whether or not important shape changes occur in the seahorse head during postrelease ontogeny. We found that (1) there is a significant shape difference between head shape of pipefish and seahorse: the main differences concern snout length and height, position and orientation of the pectoral fin base, and height of the head and opercular bone. We hypothesize that this might be related to different prey capture kinematics (long snout with little head rotation versus short snout with large head rotation) and to different body postures (in line with the head versus vertical with a tilted head) in pipefishes and seahorses; (2) both pipefishes and seahorses showed an inverse relation between relative snout length and intraspecific variation and although pipefishes show a large diversity in relative snout elongation, they are more constrained in terms of head shape; and (3) the head of juvenile Hippocampus reidi specimens still undergoes gradual shape changes after being expelled from the brood pouch. Ontogenetic changes include lowering of the snout and head but also differences in orientation of the preopercular bone and lowering of the snout tip. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div>
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